{"id":1022,"date":"2018-09-05t15:39:50","date_gmt":"2018-09-05t15:39:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/poultry.mystagingwebsite.com\/?page_id=1022"},"modified":"2021-03-06t18:13:11","modified_gmt":"2021-03-06t23:13:11","slug":"mycoplasmas-in-poultry","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"\/\/www.bkpromos.com\/beplayapp网页
\/poultry-health\/common-poultry-diseases\/mycoplasmas-in-poultry\/","title":{"rendered":"mycoplasmas in poultry"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><b><i><span style=\"color: #333333;\">written by<\/span><\/i><\/b><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">: dr. jacquie jacob, university of kentucky<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b><span style=\"color: #333333;\">mycoplasmas<\/span><\/b><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"> are bacteria without a cell wall. there are three that can affect poultry:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><i><span style=\"color: #333333;\">mycoplasma gallisepticum<\/span><\/i><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 20px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"> (mg)<\/span><\/li><li><i><span style=\"color: #333333;\">mycoplasma synoviae<\/span><\/i><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 20px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"> (ms)<\/span><\/li><li><i><span style=\"color: #333333;\">mycoplasma meleagridis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 20px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"> (mm)<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b><i><span style=\"color: #333333; font-size: x-large;\">mycoplasma gallisepticum<\/span><\/i><\/b><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 29.33px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"> (mg)<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">mg is also known as chronic respiratory disease (crd), infectious sinusitis, and mycoplasmosis. it affects chickens, turkeys, pigeons, ducks, peafowl, and passerine birds (parrots). the clinical signs vary slightly between species.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>clinical signs in chickens<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">infected adult chickens might show no outward signs of infection if they have no secondary infections. more commonly, birds exhibit sticky material coming from the nostrils, foamy material from the eyes, and swollen sinuses. the air sacs in the lungs&nbsp;may also become infected, and when this occurs, birds can develop respiratory symptoms such as rales and sneezing.&nbsp;(see the article &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"\/\/www.bkpromos.com\/beplayapp网页
\/poultry-anatomy\/avian-respiratory-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">avian respiratory system<\/a><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">&#8221; for more information about the respiratory system in poultry.)&nbsp;affected birds often perform poorly in either growth or egg production and generally do not look thrifty.<\/span>&nbsp;<span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">mg can be passed from mother to embryo, causing dwarfing, airsacculitis, and death.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>clinical signs in turkeys<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">there are two forms of mg in turkeys. one affects the upper respiratory tract (the &#8220;upper form&#8221; of the disease), and the other affects the lower (the &#8220;lower form&#8221;). turkeys infected with the upper form have watery eyes and nostrils, and the areas just below the eyes (referred to as infraorbital) become swollen. the exudate can become caseous and firm, cutting off the air supply. infected turkeys have respiratory rales and show unthriftiness.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">turkeys that have the lower form develop airsacculitis or inflammation of the air sacs. as with chickens, turkeys might show no outward signs unless there are secondary infections. as a result, the condition may go unnoticed until infected turkeys are slaughtered and reveal the typical lesions of the disease. turkeys with airsacculitis are condemned.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b><i><span style=\"color: #333333; font-size: x-large;\">mycoplasma synoviae<\/span><\/i><\/b><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 29.33px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"> (ms)<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">ms is also known as infectious synovitis, synovitis, and silent air sac. ms can affect chickens and turkeys. there are two forms of the disease: one that affects the joints and one that affects the respiratory system. inflammation of the joints occurs&nbsp;in synovitis, and infected birds develop lameness followed by lethargy, reluctance to move, swollen joints, stilted gait, weight loss, and formation of breast blisters. birds infected with the respiratory form exhibit respiratory distress. greenish diarrhea is common in dying birds. it is not possible to distinguish between ms and mg without administering a blood test.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">recovery from ms is slow. birds can be treated with an antibiotic that is most effective when delivered via injection. eradication is the best and an only sure way to control ms. producers should not use breeder replacements from flocks that have ms. the <\/span><strong style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"><a href=\"\/\/www.bkpromos.com\/beplayapp网页
\/poultry-health\/national-poultry-improvement-plan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">national poultry improvement plan<\/a> (npip) <\/strong><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">monitors for ms.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b><i><span style=\"color: #333333; font-size: x-large;\">mycoplasma meleagridis<\/span><\/i><\/b><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 29.33px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"> (mm)<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">mm has also been referred to as n strain or h strain. mm affects turkeys of all ages, although young turkeys are more severely affected. recently, mm has been shown to infect pigeon, quail, and peafowl. infected breeder flocks typically experience a drop in production and hatchability. the birds fail to thrive and show respiratory distress. stuntedness, crooked neck with deformity of the spine and leg deformation are common in young birds.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">egg transmission of mm is low in the early breeding period but rises as the age of the flock increases. infections can be introduced into a flock by contaminated equipment, shoes, and clothing of workers and visitors. several antibiotics have been effective in treating mm. the most effective measure for keeping breeders free of mm is to perform periodic blood testing through the npip.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>for more information<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"\/\/www.bkpromos.com\/beplayapp网页
\/poultry-health\/common-poultry-diseases\/mycoplasmas-in-poultry\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1022\" target=\"_blank\"><em>mycoplasma gallisepticum<\/em>: a continuing problem in commercial poultry<\/a>. gary butcher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfsph.iastate.edu\/factsheets\/pdfs\/avian_mycoplasmosis_mycoplasma_gallisepticum.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">avian mycoplasmosis (<em>mycoplasma gallisepticum<\/em>)<\/a>. iowa state university.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.merckvetmanual.com\/poultry\/mycoplasmosis\/mycoplasma-gallisepticum-infection-in-poultry\" target=\"_blank\"><em>mycoplasma gallisepticum<\/em> infection in poultry<\/a>. merck veterinary manual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.merckvetmanual.com\/poultry\/mycoplasmosis\/mycoplasma-meleagridis-infection-in-poultry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>mycoplasma meleagridis<\/em> infection in poultry<\/a>. merck veterinary manual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.merckvetmanual.com\/poultry\/mycoplasmosis\/mycoplasma-iowae-infection-in-poultry\" target=\"_blank\"><em>mycoplasma iowae<\/em> infection in poultry<\/a>. merck veterinary manual.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>written by: dr. jacquie jacob, university of kentucky mycoplasmas are bacteria without a cell wall. there are three that can affect poultry: mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) mycoplasma synoviae (ms) mycoplasma meleagridis (mm) mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) mg is also known as chronic respiratory disease (crd), infectious sinusitis, and mycoplasmosis. it affects chickens, turkeys, pigeons, ducks, peafowl, and &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"\/\/www.bkpromos.com\/beplayapp网页
\/poultry-health\/common-poultry-diseases\/mycoplasmas-in-poultry\/\" class=\"more-link\">continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;mycoplasmas in poultry&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":974,"menu_order":12,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1022","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/www.bkpromos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1022","targethints":{"allow":["get"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/www.bkpromos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/www.bkpromos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.bkpromos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.bkpromos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1022"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"\/\/www.bkpromos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1022\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2799,"href":"\/\/www.bkpromos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1022\/revisions\/2799"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.bkpromos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/974"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/www.bkpromos.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}